Strong vibration nonlinearity in semiconductor-based nanomechanical systems

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We study the effect of the electron-phonon coupling on vibrational eigenmodes of nano- and micro-mechanical systems made of semiconductors with equivalent energy valleys. We show that the coupling can lead to a strong mode nonlinearity. The mechanism is the lifting of the valley degeneracy by the strain. The redistribution of the electrons between the valleys is controlled by a large ratio of the electron-phonon coupling constant to the electron chemical potential or temperature. We find the quartic in the strain terms in the electron free energy, which determine the amplitude dependence of the mode frequencies. This dependence is calculated for silicon micro-systems. It is significantly different for different modes and the crystal orientation, and can vary nonmonotonously with the electron density and temperature.