Numbers as functions: the development of an idea in the Moscow school of algebraic geometry

الأصل · EN

This is expanded text of a lecture delivered by the author at the conference "Matériaux pour l'Histoire des Mathématiques au XXème siècle", which took place in Nice in January 1996. The task was to describe one area in the development of arithmetical algebraic geometry in Moscow during the 1950s and 1960s. We shall begin by explaining the meaning of the analogy between numbers and functions, starting with the simplest concepts. In the second part we study a nontrivial example: the explicit formula for the law of reciprocity. In the third part we shall become acquainted with certain aspects of the "social" life of the Moscow school, in particular, with certain seminars, lectures, and books. In the final part we shall examine another example of this analogy: arithmetical surfaces and Arakelov theory.