Vortices and phase transitions of interacting bosons in a rotating lattice ring

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We investigate the ground state properties of the repulsive interacting bosons in an one dimensional rotating lattice ring, and reveal that the superfluid density of the system and the mass current it can carry in the rotating coordinate are periodic functions of the velocity of the lattice. In the weakly interacting limit, the vortices are generated at the critical velocities, and in the strongly interacting limit, the phase twist of the bosons induced by the rotating lattice manifests the superfluid density and drive the system to undergo phase transitions between the superfluid and Mott insulator.