The Frobenius formalism in Galois quantum systems

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Quantum systems in which the position and momentum take values in the ring Zd and which are described with d-dimensional Hilbert space, are considered. When d is the power of a prime, the position and momentum take values in the Galois field GF(p ℓ), the position-momentum phase space is a finite geometry and the corresponding `Galois quantum systems' have stronger properties. The study of these systems uses ideas from the subject of field extension in the context of quantum mechanics. The Frobenius automorphism in Galois fields leads to Frobenius subspaces and Frobenius transformations in Galois quantum systems. Links between the Frobenius formalism and Riemann surfaces, are discussed.