Pairing correlations in nuclear systems, from infinite matter to finite nuclei

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Finite nuclei such as those found in the chain of even tin isotopes from ¹⁰²Sn to ¹³⁰Sn, exhibit a near constancy of the 2+₁-0+₁ excitation energy, a constancy which can be related to strong pairing correlations and the near degeneracy in energy of the relevant single particle orbits. Large shell-model calculations for these isotopes reveal that the major contribution to pairing correlations in the tin isotopes stems from the ¹S₀ partial wave in the nucleon-nucleon interaction. Omitting this partial wave and the ³P₂ wave in the construction of an effective interaction, results in a spectrum which has essentially no correspondence with experiment. These partial wave are also of importance for infinite neutron matter and nuclear matter and give the largest contribution to the pairing interaction and energy gap in neutron star matter.