Counting Nodal Lines Which Touch the Boundary of an Analytic Domain

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We consider the zeros on the boundary ∂ Ω of a Neumann eigenfunction ϕλ of a real analytic plane domain Ω. We prove that the number of its boundary zeros is O (λ) where -Δϕλ = λ² ϕλ. We also prove that the number of boundary critical points of either a Neumann or Dirichlet eigenfunction is O(λ). It follows that the number of nodal lines of ϕλ (components of the nodal set) which touch the boundary is of order λ. This upper bound is of the same order of magnitude as the length of the total nodal line, but is the square root of the Courant bound on the number of nodal components in the interior. More generally, the results are proved for piecewise analytic domains.