A computational method to extract macroscopic variables and their dynamics in multiscale systems

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This paper introduces coordinate-independent methods for analysing multiscale dynamical systems using numerical techniques based on the transfer operator and its adjoint. In particular, we present a method for testing whether an arbitrary dynamical system exhibits multiscale behaviour and for estimating the time-scale separation. For systems with such behaviour, we establish techniques for analysing the fast dynamics in isolation, extracting slow variables for the system, and accurately simulating these slow variables at a large time step. We illustrate our method with numerical examples and show how the reduced slow dynamics faithfully represents statistical features of the full dynamics which are not coordinate dependent.