Sharp conditional bounds for moments of the Riemann zeta function

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We prove, assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, that ∫ₜ²ᵗ |ζ(1/2+it)|²ᵏ dt ≪ₖ T logᵏ² T for any fixed k ≥ 0 and all large T. This is sharp up to the value of the implicit constant. Our proof builds on well known work of Soundararajan, who showed, assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, that ∫ₜ²ᵗ |ζ(1/2+it)|²ᵏ dt ≪ₖ,ε T logᵏ²⁺ε T for any fixed k ≥ 0 and ε> 0. Whereas Soundararajan bounded |ζ(1/2+it)| by a single Dirichlet polynomial, and investigated how often it attains large values, we bound |ζ(1/2+it)| by a sum of many Dirichlet polynomials and investigate the joint behaviour of all of them. We also work directly with moments throughout, rather than passing through estimates for large values.