Core Precession and Global Modes in Granular Bulk Flow

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A transition from local to global shear zones is reported for granular flows in a modified Couette cell. The experimental geometry is a slowly rotating drum which has a stationary disc of radius Rₛ fixed at its bottom. Granular material, which fills this cell up to height H, forms a wide shear zone which emanates from the discontinuity at the stationary discs edge. For shallow layers (H/Rₛ < 0.55), the shear zone reaches the free surface, with the core of the material resting on the disc and remaining stationary. In contrast, for deep layers (H/Rₛ > 0.55), the shear zones meet below the surface and the core starts to precess. A change in the symmetry of the surface velocities reveals that this behavior is associated with a transition from a local to a global shear mode.