Differential image motion in the short exposure regime

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Whole atmosphere seeing β₀ is the most important parameter in site testing measurements. Estimation of the seeing from a variance of differential image motion is always biased by a non-zero DIMM exposure, which results in a wind smoothing. In the paper, the wind effects are studied within short exposure approximation, i.e. when the wind shifts turbulence during exposure by distance lesser than device aperture. The method of correction for this effect on the base of image motion correlation between adjacent frames is proposed. It is shown that the correlation can be used for estimation of the mean wind speed V₂ and atmospheric coherence time τ₀. Total power of longitudinal and transverse image motion is suggested for elimination of dependence on the wind direction. Obtained theoretical results were tested on the data obtained on Mount Shatdjatmaz in 2007--2010 with MASS/DIMM device and good agreement was found.