Design of Graded Photonic Crystals Antennas via Inverse Scattering based techniques

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A new approach to the design of graded Photonic Crystals (GPCs) devices is proposed by exploiting the inverse scattering framework as a synthesis tool. The introduced general methodology can be applied to arbitrary far-field specifications, thus allowing to design non-canonical devices. In particular, two different strategies are developed which allow to deal with GPCs with both graded refractive index (GPCᵣ) and graded filling factor (GPCF). In both strategies, the inverse scattering problem is solved by a proper reformulation of the Contrast Source Inversion method wherein a proper rescaling of the amplitude of the primary sources is pursued. In particular, in the first one, the GPCs are obtained by exploiting homogenization theories. In the second one, the GPCᵣ profile is synthesized by exploiting a suitable representation basis for the unknown contrast function and, then, simple analytical formulas are used to determine a GPCF. The proposed approach is assessed through the synthesis of an antenna generating Σ/Δ reconfigurable patterns.