Nucleon Matrix Elements at Physical Pion Mass and Cost Comparison

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We report a lattice calculation of nucleon forward matrix elements on a 48³ × 96 lattice at the physical pion mass and a spatial size of 5.5 fm. The 2+1 flavor dynamical fermion configurations are generated with domain-wall fermions (DWF) and the overlap fermions are adopted for the valence quarks. The isovector gₐ³ and gₛ³, and the connected insertion part of gₛ⁰ are reported for three source-sink separations. With local current, we obtain gₐ³ = 1.18(4) from a two-state fit. For the quark momentum fraction x ᵤ₋d, we have included smaller lattices (i.e. 24³ × 64 and 32³ × 64 lattice with pion mass at 330 and 290 MeV respectively) for a fit which includes partially quenched cases as well as finite volume and continuum corrections. A global fit with perturbative renormalization gives x ᵤ₋d (MS, μ= 2 GeV) = 0.170(14). We made a cost comparison of calculating the nucleon matrix elements with those from the twisted mass fermion on similar sized lattice at the physical pion point and the domain-wall fermion calculation on the same DWF lattice. We also compare cost with the clover fermion calculation on similar sized lattice at about the same quark mass. The comparison shows that with several improvements, such as many-to-all correlator with grid source and low-mode substitution in the connected insertion and low-mode average in the quark loop can make the overlap as efficient as the twisted-mass and clover fermions in calculating the three-point functions. It is more efficient than the DWF. When the multi-mass feature is invoked, the overlap can be more efficient in reaching the same precision than the single mass comparison made so far.