Characterizing the Haldane phase in quasi-one-dimensional spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnets

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We review the basic properties of the Haldane phase in spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains, including its persistence in quasi-one-dimensional geometries. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we map out the phase diagram for a realistic model applicable to experimental Haldane compounds. We also investigate the effect of different chain coupling geometries and confirm a general mean field universality of the critical coupling times the coordination number of the lattice. Inspired by the recent development of characterization of symmetry protected topological states, of which the Haldane phase of spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain is a preeminent example, we provide direct evidence that the quasi-one-dimensional Haldane phase is indeed a non-trivial symmetry protected topological state.