String Mass Shifts

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We study closed string one-loop amplitudes in string theory, in particular the average mass shift for states at given mass and Neveu-Schwarz charges. Our analysis is based only on well-defined string amplitudes and the exploitation of symmetries and unitarity properties of the torus amplitudes. We obtain the result Delta M² = - gₛ² M(2+(3-D)/2) in D spacetime dimensions for the average closed string mas-shift (Delta M² = - gₛ² (M²-Q²)(1+(3-D)/4) for states with non-zero Neveu-Schwarz charges Q). An interesting picture of one-loop corrections for the string in non-supersymmetric configurations comes out: the dominant interactions responsible for these corrections are of long-range type (namely gravitational) and it appears that perturbations theory is generally reliable on the spectrum of massive string states.