Experimental realities refuting the existence of p=0 condensate in a system of interacting bosons: II. Spectroscopy of embedded molecules

الأصل · EN

Experimental observation of superfluidity in a microscopic cluster, M:(⁴He)ₓ, of a molecule (M) and x number of ⁴He atoms (with x ranging from 1 to many) is qualitatively analyzed. It concludes that: (i) each ⁴He atom in the cluster has to have non-zero momentum for its confinement to a space of size (< the size of the cluster), (ii) superfluidity does not require atoms with zero momentum (p=0), and (iii) while all ⁴He atoms in the cluster cease to have relative motions (hence the inter-atomic collisions), they retain a freedom to move coherently in order of their locations on a closed path around the rotor (M plus few nearest ⁴He atoms which follow the molecular rotation for their relatively strong binding with M). The analysis also identifies the basic arrangement of ⁴He atoms which allows the rotor to have free rotation in the cluster.