Three-Quark Light-Cone Amplitudes of The Proton And Quark-Orbital-Motion Dependent Observables

الأصل · EN

We study the three-quark light-cone amplitudes of the proton including quarks' transverse momenta. We classify these amplitudes using a newly-developed method in which light-cone wave functions are constructed from a class of light-cone matrix elements. We derive the constraints on the amplitudes from parity and time-reversal symmetries. We use the amplitudes to calculate the physical observables which vanish when the quark orbital angular momentum is absent. These include transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions Δqₜ(x, k⊥), qₜ(x, k⊥), δq(x, k⊥), and δqₗ(x,k⊥), twist-three parton distributions gₜ(x) and hₗ(x), helicity-flip generalized parton distributions E(x, ξ=0, Q²) and its associates, and the Pauli form factor F₂(Q²).