Strong fluctuation theorem for nonstationary nonequilibrium systems

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We introduce a finite-time detailed fluctuation theorem for the environmental entropy of the form P(ΔSenv) = eΔSenv P(-ΔSenv) for an appropriately weighted probability density of the external entropy production in the environment. The fluctuation theorem is valid for nonequilibrium systems with constant rates starting with an arbitrary initial probability distribution. We discuss the implication of this new relation for the case of a temperature quench in classical equilibrium systems. The fluctuation theorem is tested numerically for a Markov jump process with six states and for a surface growth model.