Specific heat anomalies of small quantum systems subjected to finite baths
Hasegawa, Hideo
Original · EN
We have studied the specific heat of the (Nₛ+NB) model for an Nₛ-body harmonic oscillator (HO) system which is strongly coupled to an NB-body HO bath without dissipation. The system specific heat of Cₛ(T) becomes Nₛ kB at T → ∞ and vanishes at T = 0 in accordance with the third law of thermodynamics. The calculated Cₛ(T) at low temperatures is not proportional to Nₛ and shows an anomalous temperature dependence, strongly depending on Nₛ, NB and the system-bath coupling. In particular at very low (but finite) temperatures, it may become negative for a strong system-bath coupling, which is in contrast with non-negative specific heat of an HO system with Nₛ=1 reported by G-L. Ingold, P. Hänggi and P. Talkner [Phys. Rev. E 79, 061105 (2005)]. Our calculation indicates an importance of taking account of finite Nₛ in studying open quantum systems which may include an arbitrary number of particles in general.
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