Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media
Uehara, J. S. · Ambroso, M. A. · Ojha, R. P. · Durian, D. J.
Original · EN
We report on craters formed by balls dropped into dry, non-cohesive, granular media. By explicit variation of ball density ρb, diameter Db, and drop height H, the crater diameter is confirmed to scale as the 1/4 power of the energy of the ball at impact: Dc (ρbDb³H)¹/⁴. Against expectation, a different scaling law is discovered for the crater depth: d (ρb³/²Db²H)¹/³. The scaling with properties of the medium is also established. The crater depth has significance for granular mechanics in that it relates to the stopping force on the ball.
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