Surface Phases in Binary Liquid Metal Alloys

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Surface sensitive x-ray scattering techniques with atomic scale resolution are employed to investigate the microscopic structure of the surface of three classes of liquid binary alloys: (i) Surface segregation in partly miscible binary alloys as predicted by the Gibbs adsorption rule is investigated for Ga-In. The first layer consists of a supercooled In monolayer and the bulk composition is reached after about two atomic diameters. (ii) The Ga-Bi system displays a wetting transition at a characteristic temperature Tw 220 C. The transition from a Bi monolayer on Ga below Tw to a thick Bi-rich wetting film above Tw is studied. (iii) The effect of attractive interactions between the two components of a binary alloy on the surface structure is investigated for two Hg-Au alloys.