Quantum and classical diffusion in small-world networks

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We study numerically quantum diffusion of a particle on small-world networks by integrating the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with a localized initial state. The participation ratio, which corresponds to the number of visited sites in the case of classical diffusion, as a function of time is measured and the corresponding diffusion time τ is computed. In a local regular network, i.e., in the network with the rewiring probability p=0, the diffusion time depends on the network size N as τ N, while the behavior τ N is observed as p becomes finite. Such fast diffusion of a particle on a complex network suggests that the small-world transition is also the fast-world transition from a dynamic point of view. The classical diffusion behavior is also studied and compared with the quantum behavior.