Dark Matter, Discreteness and Collision Error in Cosmological N-Body Simulations

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We report on a series of tests of agreement between three types of N-body simulations: PM, P³M, and Tree codes. We find good agreement in both the individual and the statistical properties only on scales larger than the mean interparticle separation. As a result, we question most numerical results at and below below galaxy scales, either concerning primordial dark matter or baryonic matter coupled to it by gravitation. Mass resolution (specifically, sufficient to have the mean interparticle separation comparable to the smoothing scales) appears be necessary for results to converge.