Cytoskeleton confinement of red blood cell membrane fluctuations

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We analyze both the static and dynamic fluctuation spectrum of the red-blood cell in a unified manner, using a simple model of the composite membrane. In this model, the two-dimensional spectrin network that forms the cytoskeleton is treated as a rigid shell which is located at some constant average separation from the lipid bilayer. The cytoskeleton thereby confines both the static and dynamic fluctuations of the lipid bilayer. The predictions of the model account for the wavevector and frequency dependence of the experimental data. The observed amplitude of the thermal fluctuations is related to effects of ATP-driven fluctuations.