A ROSAT observation of the warm-absorbed soft X-ray spectrum of NGC 4051

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We present and analyze a pointed ROSAT PSPC observation of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051. The X-ray spectrum consists of a powerlaw modified by absorption edges and an additional soft excess during the high-state in source flux. Modeling the spectrum in terms of warm absorption yields a large column density of the ionized material of log Nw = 22.7 and an ionization parameter of log U = 0.4. These properties are essentially constant throughout the observation, whereas the luminosity changes by more than a factor of 4. The underlying powerlaw is in its steepest observed state, with a photon index Gammaₓ = -2.3. Consulting information from optical observations, evidence for a separate EUV bump component in NGC 4051 is provided. The impact of several parameters on the deduced properties of the ionized material is critically assessed. In particular, the influence of dust mixed with the warm gas is explored and shown to constrain the history or density of the absorber. The absorber-intrinsic optical-UV emission (and absorption) line spectrum is predicted and the possibility of a warm absorber origin of one of the observed emission line regions in NGC 4051 is investigated. Consequences for the narrow-line Seyfert 1 character of NGC 4051 are discussed.